LCL vs FCL: when to share a container
LCL (less than container load) shares a container with other shippers and is charged per cubic metre or ton; FCL (full container load) gives you the whole box at a flat rate. Small shipments go LCL; once your volume approaches the point where an LCL bill matches an FCL rate, a full container is usually cheaper, faster and safer.
How each is charged
LCL cargo is consolidated with other shippers' goods at a container freight station. It is usually charged per revenue ton (W/M): the larger of the volume in cubic metres and the weight in metric tons, with a minimum (often 1 m³). Origin and destination warehouse and handling charges are added per shipment or per m³.
FCL is charged per container. A 20GP holds about 33.2 m³ and a 40HQ about 76.4 m³ (typical, theoretical); you pay the same whether you fill it or not.
Finding the break-even point
- Get an LCL quote per W/M plus all fixed charges at both ends.
- Get an FCL quote for a 20GP door to door or port to port on the same terms.
- Divide (FCL total − LCL fixed charges) by the LCL rate per W/M: that is the break-even volume.
- If your shipment is near or above it, book FCL; the spare space is free.
Because rates move with the market and differ by route, there is no universal number. Many shippers find a 20 ft container becomes competitive somewhere in the low-to-mid teens of cubic metres, but the only reliable answer is your own two quotes.
Work out your shipment's m³ and W/MThe CBM calculator shows revenue tons and how much of each container you would fill.Beyond price
| Aspect | LCL | FCL |
|---|---|---|
| Transit time | Longer: consolidation and deconsolidation add days | Shorter: the box goes straight from your door or terminal |
| Handling | Cargo is handled several times in warehouses | Loaded once at origin, unloaded once at destination |
| Damage and loss risk | Higher, shared space | Lower, sealed box |
| Customs | One problem shipment in the box can delay everyone | Only your cargo is inspected |
| Flexibility | Ship small quantities often | Best for regular larger volumes |
Packing for LCL
- Palletise and wrap where possible; loose cartons get mixed up and damaged.
- Mark every carton clearly with shipping marks and carton numbers (see shipping marks).
- Use strong cartons: other shippers' cargo may be stacked on yours.
- Declare accurate dimensions and weights; warehouses re-measure and re-bill.
Tools used in this guide
Related guides
Common questions
What does W/M mean in LCL freight?
Weight or measure: the charge is based on whichever is larger, the metric tons or the cubic metres.
When is FCL cheaper than LCL?
When the LCL charge for your volume, plus its fixed charges, reaches the cost of a full container on the same route. Compare actual quotes.
Is LCL slower than FCL?
Usually yes, because cargo waits to be consolidated and is unloaded and sorted at the destination warehouse.
Can I ship pallets LCL?
Yes, and it is recommended: palletised cargo is handled more safely in consolidation warehouses.